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n-1-2-050.12a
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1995-07-21
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050.12 Opening Doors in the Global Village
by Dr. Ross Alan Stapleton *
The enactment of the High Performance Computing and Communications
Initiative (HPCCI) brings us closer to the realization of a National
Research and Education Network (NREN); for all its endorsement as a means
to enhance national technological competitiveness the NREN will be just a
part of a "technology without boundaries," as one of the most important
stretches of a global information superhighway. This global network will
raise numerous policy questions--easy access to information and computing
resources despite national boundaries will turn previous export control
conventions on their heads. But we're likely to gain far more than we'll
lose should we pursue an aggressive policy of networking with the world's
scientific communities, and use the information highways as policy tools.
It is in the US national interest to keep a finger on the pulse of
global science, and the technologies advancing in a hundred countries
worldwide. Forty years ago the US was comparatively isolated; we sat on
our side of the Atlantic with our experts and invented the hydrogen bomb
and the intercontinental ballistic missile, while the Soviets sat on
their side and did the same. We spied on each other, and much of the
information that flowed between our technological communities came through
the diplomatic "networks" of embassies and consulates. Today the balance
has tipped dramatically toward the empowerment of nongovernmental
organizations and individuals, and the government is more dependent on the
private sector than ever before--to judge by recent events in the Persian
Gulf, CNN is arguably one of the US government's most important current
information sources. Empowered individuals in the former USSR, meanwhile,
have, with simple message-passing protocols, PCs and the switched telephone
system, built a sprawling and fast-growing network--RELCOM--that now links
hundreds of computers and thousands of computers from the Baltics to the
Caucasus to Eastern Siberia.
The considered, in-depth assessments the government will require to
ensure the national security will require something more than CNN;
the government should maintain its human network of attaches and
counselors with their direct access to foreign science and technology.
Each diplomatic position the US staffs abroad is expensive, however: to
keep a single science attache in Moscow costs on the order of a hundred
thousand dollars per year above and beyond his or her salary, and much more
in places like Tokyo. A leased communications line to bridge between the
extensive US domestic networks and the RELCOM network radiating out from
Moscow is no more expensive than that solitary individual, and could
instantly pull two whole communities substantially closer.
The networks may also be the cheapest means of enabling the sort of
citizen diplomacy called for by President Bush in May of 1990; the context
was the opportunity to move into the vacuum left in Eastern Europe by the
retreat of the USSR, and the opportunities today, with the collapse of the
Soviet Union itself, are even greater. The cynic might interpret the call
for citizen diplomacy as a desire to pass the buck on foreign aid, but one
can also discern the reality that private individuals and groups are being
empowered as never before, by the information technologies. We could take
up such a challenge, in collaboration with government, for our mutual
benefit.
We ought to step back and define a modern information technology foreign
policy in light of the new political and technological realities--to weigh
in with any consideration of the consequences of exporting networking
technologies the very real gains that might be made through strengthening
the bonds between the electronic communities, and affording ourselves
better access to the rest of the world.
*The author is with the Central Intelligence Agency. This material has been
reviewed by the CIA to assist the author in eliminating classified information,
if any; however, that review neither constitutes CIA authentication of material
nor implies CIA endorsement of the author's views.